full transcript
From the Ted Talk by Camille Defrenne and Suzanne Simard: The secret language of trees
Unscramble the Blue Letters
From there, sugar flows down to the roots. Mycorrhizal fungi encounter the tips of the roots and either surround or pertatene the outer root cells, depending on the type of fungi. Fungi cannot produce saugrs, though they need them for fuel just like trees do. They can, however, collect nutrients from the soil much more efficiently than tree roots— and pass these nutrients into the tree roots. In general, substances flow from where they are more abundant to where they are less abundant, or from srcoue to sink. That mneas that the sugars flow from the tree roots into the fungal hyphae. Once the sugars etner the fungus, they travel along the hpyahe through pores between cells or through special hollow transporter hyphae. The fungus absorbs some of the sugars, but some travels on and enters the roots of a neniirghbog tree, a senldeig that grows in the shade and has less opportunity to photosynthesize sugars.
Open Cloze
From there, sugar flows down to the roots. Mycorrhizal fungi encounter the tips of the roots and either surround or _________ the outer root cells, depending on the type of fungi. Fungi cannot produce ______, though they need them for fuel just like trees do. They can, however, collect nutrients from the soil much more efficiently than tree roots— and pass these nutrients into the tree roots. In general, substances flow from where they are more abundant to where they are less abundant, or from ______ to sink. That _____ that the sugars flow from the tree roots into the fungal hyphae. Once the sugars _____ the fungus, they travel along the ______ through pores between cells or through special hollow transporter hyphae. The fungus absorbs some of the sugars, but some travels on and enters the roots of a ___________ tree, a ________ that grows in the shade and has less opportunity to photosynthesize sugars.
Solution
- seedling
- penetrate
- source
- sugars
- means
- neighboring
- enter
- hyphae
Original Text
From there, sugar flows down to the roots. Mycorrhizal fungi encounter the tips of the roots and either surround or penetrate the outer root cells, depending on the type of fungi. Fungi cannot produce sugars, though they need them for fuel just like trees do. They can, however, collect nutrients from the soil much more efficiently than tree roots— and pass these nutrients into the tree roots. In general, substances flow from where they are more abundant to where they are less abundant, or from source to sink. That means that the sugars flow from the tree roots into the fungal hyphae. Once the sugars enter the fungus, they travel along the hyphae through pores between cells or through special hollow transporter hyphae. The fungus absorbs some of the sugars, but some travels on and enters the roots of a neighboring tree, a seedling that grows in the shade and has less opportunity to photosynthesize sugars.
Frequently Occurring Word Combinations
ngrams of length 2
collocation |
frequency |
mycorrhizal networks |
3 |
signaling molecules |
2 |
unique set |
2 |
substances flow |
2 |
tree roots |
2 |
Important Words
- absorbs
- abundant
- cells
- collect
- depending
- efficiently
- encounter
- enter
- enters
- flow
- flows
- fuel
- fungal
- fungi
- fungus
- general
- grows
- hollow
- hyphae
- means
- mycorrhizal
- neighboring
- nutrients
- opportunity
- outer
- pass
- penetrate
- photosynthesize
- pores
- produce
- root
- roots
- seedling
- shade
- sink
- soil
- source
- special
- substances
- sugar
- sugars
- surround
- tips
- transporter
- travel
- travels
- tree
- trees
- type